Carleton Watkins wanted to capture the American West. In 1854 we worked for a Californian photographer. 1858 was when we opened his own gallery. By 1861 he was photographing in Yosemite Valley. His photographs were the first to be made art. Ansel Adams was inspires by Yosemite Valley too. He made his best-known images at Yosemite. His landscape photography tried to capture the experience of wilderness. Below is a picture taken by Carelton in Yosemite. The picture is in focus, and has good clarity. The viewer is able to see the lines on the rocks and the bristles of the trees. He uses value in thispicture by shooting it in black and white. This helps to emphasize the texture in the picture.
http://carletonwatkins.org/Gallery/gimg/gimg_w0020_d.htm
Timothy O'Sullivan was sent to photography the Civil War. His images are similar to ones of modern-day documentary photographs. He was the principle photographer
for Alexander Gardner's famous book "Photographic Sketchbook of the War." After the Civil War, O'Sullivan became the lead photographer on the first U.S. government photographic survey of the western lands. His photographs were straightforward photographs of landscapes. Composition is one of the most important aspects for landscape photography. Photographers must pay attention to the placement of the camera, but they should explore all the options. For black-and-white photographs value is extremely important. They are more dramatic when there is a range of value in the picture. The tones can help set the mood in the photograph. There should be a balance between unity and variety because it creates interesting art. Landscape photography has been characterized by maximum depth of field. The photographer should use a f/16-f/32 f-stop. The smaller f-stop allows for a longer shutter speed, which means a tripod is necessary. Just after sunrise and just before sunset is the two times during the day when many photographers take pictures. The objects and textures are emphasized by the side lighting. Direct sunlight creates highlights and shadows that make the landscape look three-dimensional, but for closer shots the direct sunlight creates highlights and shadows that have no detail. Use 100 ISO film with a 35 mm camera to capture all the details. Using black-and-white for the photos emphasizes value, line, shape, texture, and pattern. Sometimes color photos can be overpowering too. Wide-angle lens are preferred for landscape pictures. Telephoto lenses are used for photographs that concentrate 
on details. Macro lenses are used for really up-close images. The yellow filter will bring out the clouds and many photographers use it. Pairing a red filter with a polarizer will darken the sky, and allows the image to look more dramatic. Grand landscapes include a large expanse of the scene and wide-angle lenses allow photographers to get that picture. The horizon should be placed using the rule of thirds. Details and close-ups are more inviting and comforting. Many photographers prefer to shoot in cloudy weather because the light is even and it eliminates harsh shadows. With lighter values, the photographer needs to open the f-stop or slow down the shutter speed and opposite for darker values. Abstracted elements are those that consist of lines, shapes, values, and textures. It is best to create an abstract picture by getting really close to your subject and photograph only a small bit. The image below shows a detail picture. The second row of stairs is the emphasis in the picture because that's where the focus is. There are lines and pattern in this picture from the stairway.
on details. Macro lenses are used for really up-close images. The yellow filter will bring out the clouds and many photographers use it. Pairing a red filter with a polarizer will darken the sky, and allows the image to look more dramatic. Grand landscapes include a large expanse of the scene and wide-angle lenses allow photographers to get that picture. The horizon should be placed using the rule of thirds. Details and close-ups are more inviting and comforting. Many photographers prefer to shoot in cloudy weather because the light is even and it eliminates harsh shadows. With lighter values, the photographer needs to open the f-stop or slow down the shutter speed and opposite for darker values. Abstracted elements are those that consist of lines, shapes, values, and textures. It is best to create an abstract picture by getting really close to your subject and photograph only a small bit. The image below shows a detail picture. The second row of stairs is the emphasis in the picture because that's where the focus is. There are lines and pattern in this picture from the stairway.
http://www.akotlik.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/s_arc_0212.jpg
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